Neurological | Targeted Conditions
Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is damage to the brain caused by a blow, jolt or penetrating injury to the head. Effects range from a brief change in consciousness to lasting disability.
Book a consultationWide rangeFrom concussion to severe injury with long-term disability.
CausesFalls, road traffic collisions, assaults and sports injuries.
Seek urgent helpVomiting, worsening headache, confusion or drowsiness after a head injury need emergency care.
How Traumatic Brain Injury develops
The initial impact can bruise or tear brain tissue. In the hours and days afterwards, swelling, bleeding and inflammation can cause further damage. Recovery depends on the severity and location of the injury, age and the quality of early care and rehabilitation.
Common signs and symptoms
- Headache, dizziness and fatigue
- Problems with memory, attention and processing speed
- Mood changes, irritability or anxiety
- Sleep disturbance
- Movement, vision or speech difficulties in more severe injury
Standard medical care
- Emergency assessment and, where needed, neurosurgery or intensive care
- Rehabilitation with physiotherapy, occupational, speech and neuropsychology input
- Gradual return to activity, work and sport
- Support for families and carers
Regenerative research
Researchers are exploring whether cell-based and related regenerative approaches can reduce secondary inflammation and support recovery pathways. This work is largely at an early stage, and no regenerative therapy is an established treatment for TBI.
Evidence status: regenerative cell therapies for this condition are investigational. Results vary between people, and nothing on this page is a promise of benefit. Use them only after discussion with your own specialist.
Trusted patient information
Questions worth asking any clinic
- Is this treatment licensed, or part of a regulated clinical trial?
- What does the published evidence show, and what are the known risks?
- What would it cost, and what happens if it does not help?
- How will my own specialist or GP be kept informed?
This page is for general information only and does not offer a diagnosis or promise any outcome. Always continue the treatment advised by your own doctors.
